Flooring
Stone tile flooring in the kitchen is a durable, practical, and elegant choice. Depending on the chosen material, tiles add texture, depth, sheen, and complementary color. No two natural tiles are exactly alike, which adds a unique touch. Stones are rated by hardness and on a scale of 1-10, marble is low while granites are medium-high. Most stone tiles will last literally a lifetime, which will far outweigh the initial cost.
Origins and Features of Stone Tiles
Many of these tiles are cut from boulders into a variety of sizes. The natural look and availability of stone are two of its best features. The range of colors and textures will fit into any decorating scheme from rustic to contemporary to elegant and upscale. The veining, mottling, and marbling give stone tiles their depth and character.
Maintenance of Stone Tile Flooring
Tile floors are generally easy to maintain, although some stones require regular sealing. Also, grout stains require immediate attention and regular resealing. Tiles are excellent dirt concealers. Most often, a mopping is all that is needed for cleanup. Small chips and nicks are usually repairable with a little touchup work.
Purchasing Kitchen Stone Tile Flooring
When shopping for tile, there are some considerations. Color variations can be significant in any purchase, along with some depth variances. The exception is engineered stone tile, which offers the advantage of uniformity. Kitchen flooring has some specific requirements. Tiles should be resistant to moisture and staining. They need to be skid proof and durable for high foot traffic. Surface finish is important, too, and there is a range. Textured and matte stones offer nonskid properties and are becoming more popular than the gloss of some stone types.
Types of Stone Tile Flooring
Marble is not the best choice for a kitchen area. It is prone to staining, especially with acids, and is highly porous. Granite is among the most durable tiles due to its dense properties. It may attract stains, however, even when sealed. Slate is another recommended product for kitchen floors. Split-face, or flamed, slate offers the best slip resistance, with its uneven surface layer that is a result of its being split naturally. However, dramatic variations in the surface could create a tripping factor. Often, a honed surface is recommended for heavy traffic spots. This dulled or matte surface is also less risky for slipping. Tile sizes for flooring can be as small as 4"x4" for enclosed kitchen areas. Common sizes range upward to 24" x 24" for more spacious rooms.
For more information on stone tile flooring see the following article from HomeDoctor.net: Kitchen Flooring - Stone Tile Flooring.
Vinyl is a soft flexible material made from a synthetic called polymer. Because of its versatility, vinyl is the main element seen in plastic products. It can be made thin and flexible or sturdy and tough. Vinyl can be used indoors and out and can be crystal clear, opaque, or colorful. This multi-purpose material is often used in construction for siding, window frames, and cable insulation. Vinyl is most often seen in the home in the form of floor tiles.
The Benefits of Using Vinyl For Flooring
It is essentially layers of plastic bonded together that create a durable floor covering. The two basic forms of vinyl flooring are sheet vinyl and vinyl tiles, both of which are less expensive than ceramic or wood. Both types are fairly stain resistant and very easy to install. They can easily be put together by a layperson because they come with a simple adhesive material accessible by peeling off a protective covering and laying the tile flat on the floor into place.
Sheet Vinyl Flooring
Sheet vinyl is made with either flex or felt, with flex being the higher quality material found on higher end vinyl pieces. While flex can either be glued or stapled, felt can only be applied by gluing. Sheet vinyl comes with varying thickness, with the thickest being the most durable. It is also colored or patterned and is most often used in residential kitchens and bathrooms, and in high traffic commercial areas.
Vinyl Tiles
Vinyl tiles are suitable for both residential and commercial purposes. They are also easily applied by handy people but they can also come in thicker, more luxurious forms that are best applied by a professional. Vinyl tiles can come in a variety of colors and designs, from a simple ceramic look to more sophisticated designs. The more expensive tiles will be thicker, heavier, and may boast various surface textures such as slate, wood, or quarry tiles. Commercially used vinyl tiles are called vinyl composite tiles and are more often solid in color or lightly colored with flecks.
Installation of Vinyl Flooring
Installing vinyl tiles is a simple process but there are some precautions. Make sure the floor is completely free of dirt or water before installation because these elements can get stuck under the tiles and eventually uproot them. Older tiles were made from asbestos and it is dangerous to lift them unless done by a specialist, so they are usually covered over by new tiles. Preparing your floor for vinyl tiles is important as any imperfections or bumps can disturb the placement of the tiles. Vinyl tiles may come loose more easily than sheet vinyl.
For more information on vinyl flooring see the following article from HomeDoctor.net: Kitchen Flooring - Vinyl Flooring.
Originally, all tiles were flat, durable building components made of baked clay, usually installed in roofing to protect a building's interior from weather damage. However, the concept of tiling has expanded a great deal since its early origins, with today's tiles made in varying shapes and from a variety of materials. Tiles today are used for a much wider range of purposes.
Types of Floor Tiles
Tiles are laid on floors to improve aesthetic appeal and enhance durability. Common choices for floor tile materials include
Ceramic tiles are extremely resilient and waterproof, though they are prone to chip and are not particularly comfortable to the naked foot. It is often the preferred choice in functional rooms such as kitchens and bathrooms. Porcelain tile shares the same general advantages and disadvantages as ceramic, but tends to be somewhat tougher, while being slightly more expensive to install and maintain. Natural stone tiles made from marble or granite are common selections for foyers and living rooms; the former is elegant but less durable; the latter blocky and simplistic, but highly enduring. Such stone tiles are often cut to larger proportions than other tiles, which can lend a room an airy, regal appearance. For those preferring a less severe tone, wood tiles are a traditional alternative that is suitable for any room.
Laying Floor Tiles
Floor tiles are installed by being laid out on a bed of cement that is subdivided into grooves to mark the place of each individual component. The use of cement prevents the inadvertent trapping of air bubbles in the tile structure which can cause floors to bend or warp. Floor tiles are usually placed with small divisions between one tile and its neighbor; these are filled with a bonding material called grout once the cement has dried.
Pergo is the brand name for a type of laminate flooring that has become popular in recent years. Originating in Sweden, laminate flooring was launched by the Perstop Industrial Group (later renamed Pergo Inc.) in Sweden and the European community in 1984. Ten years later Pergo flooring made its debut in the United States. Pergo flooring was so successful that in 1996 Pergo established a US headquarters and manufacturing facility in order to keep up with the demand for its laminate flooring. Pergo flooring is sold in major home centers as well as some smaller home centers and online.
Varieties of Pergo Flooring
There are a number of styles of Pergo flooring to match any décor--all of which resemble wood, stone or tile. Pergo flooring is available in light, medium, and dark tones to mimic color and wood grains for different species of wood for example, dark cherry, beech wood, and farmhouse pine, as well as several stone and tile patterns such as slate and marble.
The Production of Pergo Flooring
Pergo flooring, like all laminate flooring, is made from a composite of fiberboard and other materials, which are compressed under heat to form an extremely durable flooring material. The top or finish layer consists of a computer-generated photograph of the species of wood it is supposed to resemble, for example beech or cherry. Pergo flooring has special sealants applied to the surface to resist scuffing, scratches, and spills from food and beverages.
Glued vs. Glueless Pergo Flooring
Pergo flooring is manufactured in one of two ways, glueless or with pre-applied glue, both of which refer to installation methods. Glueless installation involves "click together" interlocking laminate boards similar to tongue and groove planks used for hardwood floors that "float" over a plywood or concrete subfloor or an existing floor such as linoleum or tile. Pergo flooring with pre-applied glue are also installed over subfloors but the planks are glued together and then placed over the subfloor.
Advantages of Pergo Flooring
Quarter round molding nailed to the perimeter baseboards is often used to give a finished appearance to Pergo flooring. Pergo flooring is much easier to install than hardwood tongue and groove flooring, which requires nails. It is priced by the square foot and costs about half as much as hardwood flooring as well. Pergo flooring is an easy do-it-yourself project that is an affordable and eco-friendly alternative to hardwood flooring that is perfect for any home.
If you ever thought of transforming your home to look like an Italian or Greek villa, marble is one way to do it. It makes a great kitchen countertop, bathroom vanity, or stand-up shower. Marble can also be used as a fireplace hearth or in a hallway or foyer to add a touch of elegance.
Benefits of Using Marble For Flooring
Manufacturers use words like "refined," "understated," "elegance," "classical refinement," and "modern affordability" to describe their product, and marble certainly is all of these things. It is a natural stone and, as such, requires little care and maintenance. It ages beautifully and can withstand heavy use and traffic.
Marble Flooring as a Do-It-Yourself Project
Marble is usually found as square tiles, (typically precut at 12 square inches and 3/8 inches thick) or as whole slabs. One side will be smooth, and the edges are beveled. For the do-it-yourselfer, laying marble tiles can be a rewarding project, and it is easy and relatively inexpensive to rent a wet saw from any number of home improvement stores.
Maintenance of Marble Flooring
Of course, some steps should be taken to preserve the beauty of marble in your home:
- Use trivets under hot pots and pans; ceramics and china are likely to scratch. Foods and drinks that contain acids (citrus, tomato, etc.) can dull the marble's surface.
- When cleaning, use a dry dust mop and try to minimize the amount of sand, dirt, and debris that come in contact with the tiles.
- For cleaning a bath or shower with marble tiles, use a non-acidic product or make a solution of ammonia and water.
- A marble countertop in the kitchen may need a penetrating sealer to prevent moisture and cooking liquids from damaging the surface over time. Be sure that the sealer you choose is nontoxic and safe for use in food preparation.
- Always rinse and dry the marble's surface thoroughly after cleaning.
With minimal upkeep, the marble tiles in your home will provide years of beauty and functionality. And you won't have had to travel across the Atlantic to achieve a timeless European look.
For further information on marble flooring see the following article from HomeDoctor.net: Kitchen Flooring - Marble Flooring.
Linoleum flooring has come a long way in its 100 year-plus history. Once thought of as the flooring of choice only for the kitchens of "cookie cutter" tract houses, linoleum has recently made a comeback. It is a relatively inexpensive, durable, attractive option and can now be seen lining the floors of many high-end homes, offices, and commercial buildings.
Linoleum Flooring as Environmentally-Friendly
There are environmental attributes to linoleum as well. Naturally bacteria-free, it emits much lower levels of toxins than does vinyl. This makes it an attractive option for those concerned with air pollutants in their place of residence or business. In addition, it is made from naturally occurring materials such as linseed oil and wood flour or cork dust. Its hypoallergenic properties make it ideal for hospitals and homes that want to limit exposure to environmental toxins.
Benefits of Linoleum Flooring
Durability is among the primary benefits of using linoleum. Because it can last as long as 40 years with typical wear and tear, consumers avoid the high costs of frequent maintenance or replacement. It is biodegradable (again, unlike vinyl) and doesn't show scuff marks or scratches. In terms of price, it is comparable to wood flooring and carpet, and there are now a variety of colors and patterns of linoleum on the market from which to choose. Highly skilled designers can fashion linoleum to look like wood, tile, or even granite.
Drawbacks of Linoleum Flooring
There are a few drawbacks to using linoleum, and its susceptibility to moisture is one of them. Most manufacturers of the flooring product recommend sweeping or vacuuming a linoleum floor and avoiding the use of too much water when cleaning its surface. Obviously, linoleum does not absorb sound as well as carpet does, so if minimal noise is the primary goal, this isn't the best flooring choice.
Is Linoleum Flooring Right for You?
As with any kind of remodel or renovation, it is advisable to decide ahead-of-time what your priorities are for the outcome. If the price, durability, low maintenance, and organic nature of linoleum appeal to you, this may be the best option to have underfoot.
Laminate is a product used in construction that is composed of layers or sheets bonded together to provide protection against stains, chemicals, impact, moisture, or heavy use. Laminate is considered an attractive accent to any existing color and it provides a beautiful finish to just about any object or material.
Variety of Laminates
Some of the most attractive laminate finishes are glossy, but laminates may also have matte finishes. There are a variety of different laminates on the market today including high/low pressure laminates and heavy-duty industrial laminates. The strength, durability or resistance depends on the type or process used to create the laminate.
High-Pressure Laminates
High-pressure laminates are created by consolidating paper/materials saturated with resins under heat and pressure typically 300 degrees and 1,200 pounds per square inch (PSI). The bottom sheets are saturated with phenolic/formaldehyde resins and the top sheets are saturated with melamine/formaldehyde resins. High-pressure laminates are common in materials used in heavy traffic areas such as offices and areas such as labs where chemicals are used.
Low-Pressure Laminates
Low-pressure laminates are pressed at lower pressures because materials such as particleboard are typically used. Also referred to by builders as Melamine-Faced Chipboard (MFC), low-pressure laminates are processed by pressing MF-resin treated paper directly on fiberboard substrate or particleboard at a much lower pressure than high-pressure laminate. LPL panels are typically pressed on both sides with paper. Low-pressure laminates are typically used for self-assembly furniture, flooring and kitchen cabinets.
Industrial Laminates
Industrial laminates are either paper based or fabric based. They are made by made by combining paper, glass cloth or cotton cloth with plastic resins to create electrical heat resistance. Fabric based industrial laminates have lower mechanical resistance than materials with glass substrates, but it has superior impact resistance compared to paper based laminates. Paper based IL's have good mechanical and electrical properties. Because the major properties of industrial laminates are electrical insulation and high mechanical strength, they are commonly used in industrial construction, the automotive industry and in the military.
For further information on laminate flooring see the following article from HomeDoctor.net: Kitchen Flooring - Laminate Flooring.
Hardwood species represent 40% of the trees in the United States and most hardwood trees produce either a nut or a fruit. The term "hardwood" doesn't refer to the actual hardness of wood, but rather the wood from a broad-leaved tree as opposed to one from a conifer or softwood. Hardwood trees are usually dormant in the winter and hundreds of different varieties can be found in any given forest in the U.S.
Properties of Hardwood
It takes approximately 60 years for a hardwood to mature and each hardwood tree develops its' own individual grain texture and pattern. So it's true when they say that no two pieces of hardwood are ever alike, even if they are from the same hardwood tree. Because hardwood is a natural material, it will expand as a result of changes in the humidity and it will contract when the air is cool or dry. Solid hardwood is a popular choice for cabinetry, woodwork and furniture not only for its uniqueness and beauty, but also for its outstanding strength and durability. Hardwood is easy to maintain and it can endure hundreds and hundreds of years of use.
Hardwood Species in the United States
There are many different hardwood species throughout the forests of the U.S and tropical forests throughout the rest of the world. Because of this, hardwood is available in a variety of colors and densities. A few popular U.S. hardwood species include ash, cherry, maple, poplar and oak. Cherry, also called American Black Cherry, is a popular choice for fashioning fine furniture, while oak is a common choice for flooring in the U.S.
Tropical Hardwood Species
Several tropical hardwood types include sandalwood, teak, and mahogany. Sandalwood is one of the most expensive types of hardwood in the world and it is cherished for its beauty and density. It is one of the only hardwoods that will sink in water rather than float. It is believed that sandalwood has origins either in southeastern Indonesia or southern India, but today it is naturalized and distributed in places like Sri Lanka and Northern Australia. In addition to making expensive furniture, sandalwood is also used for religious and many medicinal purposes. Teak is a common choice for making "leisure" furniture while mahogany is a popular collectible hardwood among Cantonese and Taiwanese collectors. Mahogany is also a popular hardwood for furniture, instruments, and cabinetmaking in the U.S. and overseas.
Epoxy floors are concrete floors that are painted with an epoxy coating. Also known as polymer seamless floors, they typically have a clear or colored finish, and often are a replacement for concrete sealants. Epoxy floors are used in industrial settings as well as in garages, pool decks, work areas, and laundry rooms in private homes.
Benefits of Epoxy Floor Coverings
Epoxy floors are durable and are slip-, stain-, and dust-resistant. Epoxy floors reflect natural or artificial light and are easy to clean. They are also resistant to chemical spills. Provided surfaces are prepared correctly, epoxy floor coatings are extremely durable. They come in several colors including clear, silver-gray, and slate-gray and may also be tinted to a specific color using a white or dark base color.
When Epoxy Floor Coverings Should Not Be Used
Epoxy floor coatings can be used for both exterior and interior applications, but should not be used on vertical surfaces, wood, or metal surfaces, or where there is standing water at any time of the year. Likewise if there are high levels of moisture below grade under a garage or basement slab, epoxy floor coatings should not be used.
Types of Epoxy Floor Coverings
There are several types of epoxy floors including thin mil floor coatings, self-leveling, quartz broadcast, and troweled polymer floor systems.
- Thin mil floor coatings are used in garages and are similar to a concrete sealer.
- Self-leveling polymer floor coatings are used for concrete floors that have chipped or flaked and need resurfacing. They are perfect for high-traffic areas but should not be used where there are high levels of moisture below grade.
- Quartz broadcast polymer floor systems are made from a mixture of tiny pieces of quartz and polymer. The quartz adds color to the floor.
- Troweled polymer floor systems are made from a mixture of silicon aggregate and polymer and are used for industrial applications only.
Light Duty Epoxy Floor Coverings
There are also "light duty" epoxy floor coatings for concrete floors that are sold for general home use. Epoxy coatings can also be used on stonework, brick, and other types of masonry. These finishes are also resistant to chemical spills such as oil and gasoline. In addition, they do not peel or crack, and they are scuff and tire mark resistant, making them perfect for garages, driveways, and basements.
There are as many different flooring options as there are rooms in a home. Tile, laminate flooring, carpeting, and wood floors are among the more popular choices for rooms in the home. However, there are other nontraditional flooring options that may be considered throughout the house, including cork tiles.
Cork Flooring: Safe and Environmentally Sound
Cork tiles are limited in their styles and range, but can be comfortable and quiet underfoot, not to mention inexpensive. Cork flooring is hypoallergenic as well as environmentally friendly. Cork tiles can also add a protective layer when utilized as flooring in the kitchen where dishes, glasses, and even children attempting to reach countertops can take a tumble to the floor.
Cork Flooring and Feng Shui
Furthermore, for those interested in following the principals of feng shui, cork flooring can also be of assistance. Feng shui is an ancient Chinese philosophy that regards the flow of life energy, or chi, as the most important component to any room; basically the balancing of the exterior to benefit the interior. Cork flooring can represent the "wood" aspect of energy in a kitchen where "fire" (stove and oven) and "water" (sink and refrigerator) are the dominant and opposing energy forces.
Drawbacks of Cork Flooring
However, while cork flooring provides safety, comfort, and even adherence to Chinese philosophy, it can also be much more susceptible to water damage, and therefore may be restricted to certain locations within the home.
Professional Installation Is Recommended for Cork Flooring
Because the appearance, satisfaction, and life span of cork flooring is primarily dependent on the installation, generally it is recommended that the cork tile be professionally installed. The installer will also be trained to recognize areas of the house where excessive moisture may be a problem. Yet, in preparing to have cork flooring installed, there are some steps to take to ensure proper adherence:
- Be sure that the designated area is smooth and clean. This may include the removal of paint, wax, or previous adhesive materials, and it may even be necessary to rent or utilize a machine sander to completely smooth the floor surface.
- Once appropriately smooth and clear of any deposits or debris, the flooring surface must be thoroughly and completely dried.
- Before installation can commence, the tiles should be removed from their packaging and left out in the desired room for a minimum of 48 hours before installation with normal temperature and humidity conditions.
- Then the tiles may be cut, adhered, and installed.
Stone tile flooring in the kitchen is a durable, practical, and elegant choice. Depending on the chosen material, tiles add texture, depth, sheen, and complementary color. No two natural tiles are exactly alike, which adds a unique touch. Stones are rated by hardness and on a scale of 1-10, marble is low while granites are medium-high. Most stone tiles will last literally a lifetime, which will far outweigh the initial cost.
Origins and Features of Stone Tiles
Many of these tiles are cut from boulders into a variety of sizes. The natural look and availability of stone are two of its best features. The range of colors and textures will fit into any decorating scheme from rustic to contemporary to elegant and upscale. The veining, mottling, and marbling give stone tiles their depth and character.
Maintenance of Stone Tile Flooring
Tile floors are generally easy to maintain, although some stones require regular sealing. Also, grout stains require immediate attention and regular resealing. Tiles are excellent dirt concealers. Most often, a mopping is all that is needed for cleanup. Small chips and nicks are usually repairable with a little touchup work.
Purchasing Kitchen Stone Tile Flooring
When shopping for tile, there are some considerations. Color variations can be significant in any purchase, along with some depth variances. The exception is engineered stone tile, which offers the advantage of uniformity. Kitchen flooring has some specific requirements. Tiles should be resistant to moisture and staining. They need to be skid proof and durable for high foot traffic. Surface finish is important, too, and there is a range. Textured and matte stones offer nonskid properties and are becoming more popular than the gloss of some stone types.
Types of Stone Tile Flooring
Marble is not the best choice for a kitchen area. It is prone to staining, especially with acids, and is highly porous. Granite is among the most durable tiles due to its dense properties. It may attract stains, however, even when sealed. Slate is another recommended product for kitchen floors. Split-face, or flamed, slate offers the best slip resistance, with its uneven surface layer that is a result of its being split naturally. However, dramatic variations in the surface could create a tripping factor. Often, a honed surface is recommended for heavy traffic spots. This dulled or matte surface is also less risky for slipping. Tile sizes for flooring can be as small as 4"x4" for enclosed kitchen areas. Common sizes range upward to 24" x 24" for more spacious rooms.
For more information on stone tile flooring see the following article from HomeDoctor.net: Kitchen Flooring - Stone Tile Flooring.
Vinyl is a soft flexible material made from a synthetic called polymer. Because of its versatility, vinyl is the main element seen in plastic products. It can be made thin and flexible or sturdy and tough. Vinyl can be used indoors and out and can be crystal clear, opaque, or colorful. This multi-purpose material is often used in construction for siding, window frames, and cable insulation. Vinyl is most often seen in the home in the form of floor tiles.
The Benefits of Using Vinyl For Flooring
It is essentially layers of plastic bonded together that create a durable floor covering. The two basic forms of vinyl flooring are sheet vinyl and vinyl tiles, both of which are less expensive than ceramic or wood. Both types are fairly stain resistant and very easy to install. They can easily be put together by a layperson because they come with a simple adhesive material accessible by peeling off a protective covering and laying the tile flat on the floor into place.
Sheet Vinyl Flooring
Sheet vinyl is made with either flex or felt, with flex being the higher quality material found on higher end vinyl pieces. While flex can either be glued or stapled, felt can only be applied by gluing. Sheet vinyl comes with varying thickness, with the thickest being the most durable. It is also colored or patterned and is most often used in residential kitchens and bathrooms, and in high traffic commercial areas.
Vinyl Tiles
Vinyl tiles are suitable for both residential and commercial purposes. They are also easily applied by handy people but they can also come in thicker, more luxurious forms that are best applied by a professional. Vinyl tiles can come in a variety of colors and designs, from a simple ceramic look to more sophisticated designs. The more expensive tiles will be thicker, heavier, and may boast various surface textures such as slate, wood, or quarry tiles. Commercially used vinyl tiles are called vinyl composite tiles and are more often solid in color or lightly colored with flecks.
Installation of Vinyl Flooring
Installing vinyl tiles is a simple process but there are some precautions. Make sure the floor is completely free of dirt or water before installation because these elements can get stuck under the tiles and eventually uproot them. Older tiles were made from asbestos and it is dangerous to lift them unless done by a specialist, so they are usually covered over by new tiles. Preparing your floor for vinyl tiles is important as any imperfections or bumps can disturb the placement of the tiles. Vinyl tiles may come loose more easily than sheet vinyl.
For more information on vinyl flooring see the following article from HomeDoctor.net: Kitchen Flooring - Vinyl Flooring.
Originally, all tiles were flat, durable building components made of baked clay, usually installed in roofing to protect a building's interior from weather damage. However, the concept of tiling has expanded a great deal since its early origins, with today's tiles made in varying shapes and from a variety of materials. Tiles today are used for a much wider range of purposes.
Types of Floor Tiles
Tiles are laid on floors to improve aesthetic appeal and enhance durability. Common choices for floor tile materials include
Ceramic tiles are extremely resilient and waterproof, though they are prone to chip and are not particularly comfortable to the naked foot. It is often the preferred choice in functional rooms such as kitchens and bathrooms. Porcelain tile shares the same general advantages and disadvantages as ceramic, but tends to be somewhat tougher, while being slightly more expensive to install and maintain. Natural stone tiles made from marble or granite are common selections for foyers and living rooms; the former is elegant but less durable; the latter blocky and simplistic, but highly enduring. Such stone tiles are often cut to larger proportions than other tiles, which can lend a room an airy, regal appearance. For those preferring a less severe tone, wood tiles are a traditional alternative that is suitable for any room.
Laying Floor Tiles
Floor tiles are installed by being laid out on a bed of cement that is subdivided into grooves to mark the place of each individual component. The use of cement prevents the inadvertent trapping of air bubbles in the tile structure which can cause floors to bend or warp. Floor tiles are usually placed with small divisions between one tile and its neighbor; these are filled with a bonding material called grout once the cement has dried.
Pergo is the brand name for a type of laminate flooring that has become popular in recent years. Originating in Sweden, laminate flooring was launched by the Perstop Industrial Group (later renamed Pergo Inc.) in Sweden and the European community in 1984. Ten years later Pergo flooring made its debut in the United States. Pergo flooring was so successful that in 1996 Pergo established a US headquarters and manufacturing facility in order to keep up with the demand for its laminate flooring. Pergo flooring is sold in major home centers as well as some smaller home centers and online.
Varieties of Pergo Flooring
There are a number of styles of Pergo flooring to match any décor--all of which resemble wood, stone or tile. Pergo flooring is available in light, medium, and dark tones to mimic color and wood grains for different species of wood for example, dark cherry, beech wood, and farmhouse pine, as well as several stone and tile patterns such as slate and marble.
The Production of Pergo Flooring
Pergo flooring, like all laminate flooring, is made from a composite of fiberboard and other materials, which are compressed under heat to form an extremely durable flooring material. The top or finish layer consists of a computer-generated photograph of the species of wood it is supposed to resemble, for example beech or cherry. Pergo flooring has special sealants applied to the surface to resist scuffing, scratches, and spills from food and beverages.
Glued vs. Glueless Pergo Flooring
Pergo flooring is manufactured in one of two ways, glueless or with pre-applied glue, both of which refer to installation methods. Glueless installation involves "click together" interlocking laminate boards similar to tongue and groove planks used for hardwood floors that "float" over a plywood or concrete subfloor or an existing floor such as linoleum or tile. Pergo flooring with pre-applied glue are also installed over subfloors but the planks are glued together and then placed over the subfloor.
Advantages of Pergo Flooring
Quarter round molding nailed to the perimeter baseboards is often used to give a finished appearance to Pergo flooring. Pergo flooring is much easier to install than hardwood tongue and groove flooring, which requires nails. It is priced by the square foot and costs about half as much as hardwood flooring as well. Pergo flooring is an easy do-it-yourself project that is an affordable and eco-friendly alternative to hardwood flooring that is perfect for any home.
If you ever thought of transforming your home to look like an Italian or Greek villa, marble is one way to do it. It makes a great kitchen countertop, bathroom vanity, or stand-up shower. Marble can also be used as a fireplace hearth or in a hallway or foyer to add a touch of elegance.
Benefits of Using Marble For Flooring
Manufacturers use words like "refined," "understated," "elegance," "classical refinement," and "modern affordability" to describe their product, and marble certainly is all of these things. It is a natural stone and, as such, requires little care and maintenance. It ages beautifully and can withstand heavy use and traffic.
Marble Flooring as a Do-It-Yourself Project
Marble is usually found as square tiles, (typically precut at 12 square inches and 3/8 inches thick) or as whole slabs. One side will be smooth, and the edges are beveled. For the do-it-yourselfer, laying marble tiles can be a rewarding project, and it is easy and relatively inexpensive to rent a wet saw from any number of home improvement stores.
Maintenance of Marble Flooring
Of course, some steps should be taken to preserve the beauty of marble in your home:
- Use trivets under hot pots and pans; ceramics and china are likely to scratch. Foods and drinks that contain acids (citrus, tomato, etc.) can dull the marble's surface.
- When cleaning, use a dry dust mop and try to minimize the amount of sand, dirt, and debris that come in contact with the tiles.
- For cleaning a bath or shower with marble tiles, use a non-acidic product or make a solution of ammonia and water.
- A marble countertop in the kitchen may need a penetrating sealer to prevent moisture and cooking liquids from damaging the surface over time. Be sure that the sealer you choose is nontoxic and safe for use in food preparation.
- Always rinse and dry the marble's surface thoroughly after cleaning.
With minimal upkeep, the marble tiles in your home will provide years of beauty and functionality. And you won't have had to travel across the Atlantic to achieve a timeless European look.
For further information on marble flooring see the following article from HomeDoctor.net: Kitchen Flooring - Marble Flooring.
Linoleum flooring has come a long way in its 100 year-plus history. Once thought of as the flooring of choice only for the kitchens of "cookie cutter" tract houses, linoleum has recently made a comeback. It is a relatively inexpensive, durable, attractive option and can now be seen lining the floors of many high-end homes, offices, and commercial buildings.
Linoleum Flooring as Environmentally-Friendly
There are environmental attributes to linoleum as well. Naturally bacteria-free, it emits much lower levels of toxins than does vinyl. This makes it an attractive option for those concerned with air pollutants in their place of residence or business. In addition, it is made from naturally occurring materials such as linseed oil and wood flour or cork dust. Its hypoallergenic properties make it ideal for hospitals and homes that want to limit exposure to environmental toxins.
Benefits of Linoleum Flooring
Durability is among the primary benefits of using linoleum. Because it can last as long as 40 years with typical wear and tear, consumers avoid the high costs of frequent maintenance or replacement. It is biodegradable (again, unlike vinyl) and doesn't show scuff marks or scratches. In terms of price, it is comparable to wood flooring and carpet, and there are now a variety of colors and patterns of linoleum on the market from which to choose. Highly skilled designers can fashion linoleum to look like wood, tile, or even granite.
Drawbacks of Linoleum Flooring
There are a few drawbacks to using linoleum, and its susceptibility to moisture is one of them. Most manufacturers of the flooring product recommend sweeping or vacuuming a linoleum floor and avoiding the use of too much water when cleaning its surface. Obviously, linoleum does not absorb sound as well as carpet does, so if minimal noise is the primary goal, this isn't the best flooring choice.
Is Linoleum Flooring Right for You?
As with any kind of remodel or renovation, it is advisable to decide ahead-of-time what your priorities are for the outcome. If the price, durability, low maintenance, and organic nature of linoleum appeal to you, this may be the best option to have underfoot.
Laminate is a product used in construction that is composed of layers or sheets bonded together to provide protection against stains, chemicals, impact, moisture, or heavy use. Laminate is considered an attractive accent to any existing color and it provides a beautiful finish to just about any object or material. Some of the most attractive laminate finishes are glossy, but laminates may also have matte finishes. There are a variety of different laminates on the market today including high/low pressure laminates and heavy-duty industrial laminates. The strength, durability or resistance depends on the type or process used to create the laminate. High-pressure laminates are created by consolidating paper/materials saturated with resins under heat and pressure typically 300 degrees and 1,200 pounds per square inch (PSI). The bottom sheets are saturated with phenolic/formaldehyde resins and the top sheets are saturated with melamine/formaldehyde resins. High-pressure laminates are common in materials used in heavy traffic areas such as offices and areas such as labs where chemicals are used. Low-pressure laminates are pressed at lower pressures because materials such as particleboard are typically used. Also referred to by builders as Melamine-Faced Chipboard (MFC), low-pressure laminates are processed by pressing MF-resin treated paper directly on fiberboard substrate or particleboard at a much lower pressure than high-pressure laminate. LPL panels are typically pressed on both sides with paper. Low-pressure laminates are typically used for self-assembly furniture, flooring and kitchen cabinets. Industrial laminates are either paper based or fabric based. They are made by made by combining paper, glass cloth or cotton cloth with plastic resins to create electrical heat resistance. Fabric based industrial laminates have lower mechanical resistance than materials with glass substrates, but it has superior impact resistance compared to paper based laminates. Paper based IL's have good mechanical and electrical properties. Because the major properties of industrial laminates are electrical insulation and high mechanical strength, they are commonly used in industrial construction, the automotive industry and in the military. For further information on laminate flooring see the following article from HomeDoctor.net: Kitchen Flooring - Laminate Flooring.Variety of Laminates
High-Pressure Laminates
Low-Pressure Laminates
Industrial Laminates
Hardwood species represent 40% of the trees in the United States and most hardwood trees produce either a nut or a fruit. The term "hardwood" doesn't refer to the actual hardness of wood, but rather the wood from a broad-leaved tree as opposed to one from a conifer or softwood. Hardwood trees are usually dormant in the winter and hundreds of different varieties can be found in any given forest in the U.S.
Properties of Hardwood
It takes approximately 60 years for a hardwood to mature and each hardwood tree develops its' own individual grain texture and pattern. So it's true when they say that no two pieces of hardwood are ever alike, even if they are from the same hardwood tree. Because hardwood is a natural material, it will expand as a result of changes in the humidity and it will contract when the air is cool or dry. Solid hardwood is a popular choice for cabinetry, woodwork and furniture not only for its uniqueness and beauty, but also for its outstanding strength and durability. Hardwood is easy to maintain and it can endure hundreds and hundreds of years of use.
Hardwood Species in the United States
There are many different hardwood species throughout the forests of the U.S and tropical forests throughout the rest of the world. Because of this, hardwood is available in a variety of colors and densities. A few popular U.S. hardwood species include ash, cherry, maple, poplar and oak. Cherry, also called American Black Cherry, is a popular choice for fashioning fine furniture, while oak is a common choice for flooring in the U.S.
Tropical Hardwood Species
Several tropical hardwood types include sandalwood, teak, and mahogany. Sandalwood is one of the most expensive types of hardwood in the world and it is cherished for its beauty and density. It is one of the only hardwoods that will sink in water rather than float. It is believed that sandalwood has origins either in southeastern Indonesia or southern India, but today it is naturalized and distributed in places like Sri Lanka and Northern Australia. In addition to making expensive furniture, sandalwood is also used for religious and many medicinal purposes. Teak is a common choice for making "leisure" furniture while mahogany is a popular collectible hardwood among Cantonese and Taiwanese collectors. Mahogany is also a popular hardwood for furniture, instruments, and cabinetmaking in the U.S. and overseas.
Epoxy floors are concrete floors that are painted with an epoxy coating. Also known as polymer seamless floors, they typically have a clear or colored finish, and often are a replacement for concrete sealants. Epoxy floors are used in industrial settings as well as in garages, pool decks, work areas, and laundry rooms in private homes.
Benefits of Epoxy Floor Coverings
Epoxy floors are durable and are slip-, stain-, and dust-resistant. Epoxy floors reflect natural or artificial light and are easy to clean. They are also resistant to chemical spills. Provided surfaces are prepared correctly, epoxy floor coatings are extremely durable. They come in several colors including clear, silver-gray, and slate-gray and may also be tinted to a specific color using a white or dark base color.
When Epoxy Floor Coverings Should Not Be Used
Epoxy floor coatings can be used for both exterior and interior applications, but should not be used on vertical surfaces, wood, or metal surfaces, or where there is standing water at any time of the year. Likewise if there are high levels of moisture below grade under a garage or basement slab, epoxy floor coatings should not be used.
Types of Epoxy Floor Coverings
There are several types of epoxy floors including thin mil floor coatings, self-leveling, quartz broadcast, and troweled polymer floor systems.
- Thin mil floor coatings are used in garages and are similar to a concrete sealer.
- Self-leveling polymer floor coatings are used for concrete floors that have chipped or flaked and need resurfacing. They are perfect for high-traffic areas but should not be used where there are high levels of moisture below grade.
- Quartz broadcast polymer floor systems are made from a mixture of tiny pieces of quartz and polymer. The quartz adds color to the floor.
- Troweled polymer floor systems are made from a mixture of silicon aggregate and polymer and are used for industrial applications only.
Light Duty Epoxy Floor Coverings
There are also "light duty" epoxy floor coatings for concrete floors that are sold for general home use. Epoxy coatings can also be used on stonework, brick, and other types of masonry. These finishes are also resistant to chemical spills such as oil and gasoline. In addition, they do not peel or crack, and they are scuff and tire mark resistant, making them perfect for garages, driveways, and basements.
There are as many different flooring options as there are rooms in a home. Tile, laminate flooring, carpeting, and wood floors are among the more popular choices for rooms in the home. However, there are other nontraditional flooring options that may be considered throughout the house, including cork tiles.
Cork Flooring: Safe and Environmentally Sound
Cork tiles are limited in their styles and range, but can be comfortable and quiet underfoot, not to mention inexpensive. Cork flooring is hypoallergenic as well as environmentally friendly. Cork tiles can also add a protective layer when utilized as flooring in the kitchen where dishes, glasses, and even children attempting to reach countertops can take a tumble to the floor.
Cork Flooring and Feng Shui
Furthermore, for those interested in following the principals of feng shui, cork flooring can also be of assistance. Feng shui is an ancient Chinese philosophy that regards the flow of life energy, or chi, as the most important component to any room; basically the balancing of the exterior to benefit the interior. Cork flooring can represent the "wood" aspect of energy in a kitchen where "fire" (stove and oven) and "water" (sink and refrigerator) are the dominant and opposing energy forces.
Drawbacks of Cork Flooring
However, while cork flooring provides safety, comfort, and even adherence to Chinese philosophy, it can also be much more susceptible to water damage, and therefore may be restricted to certain locations within the home.
Professional Installation Is Recommended for Cork Flooring
Because the appearance, satisfaction, and life span of cork flooring is primarily dependent on the installation, generally it is recommended that the cork tile be professionally installed. The installer will also be trained to recognize areas of the house where excessive moisture may be a problem. Yet, in preparing to have cork flooring installed, there are some steps to take to ensure proper adherence:
- Be sure that the designated area is smooth and clean. This may include the removal of paint, wax, or previous adhesive materials, and it may even be necessary to rent or utilize a machine sander to completely smooth the floor surface.
- Once appropriately smooth and clear of any deposits or debris, the flooring surface must be thoroughly and completely dried.
- Before installation can commence, the tiles should be removed from their packaging and left out in the desired room for a minimum of 48 hours before installation with normal temperature and humidity conditions.
- Then the tiles may be cut, adhered, and installed.
